Which policy tools are countries using to advance sustainable transport?




Countries around the world are increasingly integrating transport into their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategies (LT-LEDS) as they work to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement. These commitments reflect a growing recognition that decarbonizing transport is essential to reducing emissions and achieving broader development goals.

National plans and strategies typically include a combination of measures, such as:

  • Electrifying public and private vehicle fleets;
  • Investing in mass transit systems, including electric buses and charging infrastructure;
  • Expanding walking and cycling networks;
  • Adopting biofuels and clean energy for freight, aviation and maritime transport;
  • Developing comprehensive transport master plans and Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs);
  • Carrying out feasibility and market opportunity studies to support sustainable transport transitions;
  • Introducing incentives for electric two- and three-wheelers and off-peak charging;
  • Supporting battery reuse, recycling and circular economy measures;
  • Structuring blended finance solutions to de-risk private investment in clean transport;
  • Establishing safeguards to limit the environmental and social impacts of critical mineral extraction.

In many cases, countries are also embedding transport decarbonization efforts into broader energy, transport and infrastructure sector plans to ensure coherence across policies, technologies, and financing mechanisms, strengthening alignment across the sustainable transport value chain.
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